Hand and face play an important role in expressing sign language. Their features are usually especially leveraged to improve system performance. However, to effectively extract visual representations and capture trajectories for hands and face, previous methods always come at high computations with increased training complexity. They usually employ extra heavy pose-estimation networks to locate human body keypoints or rely on additional pre-extracted heatmaps for supervision. To relieve this problem, we propose a self-emphasizing network (SEN) to emphasize informative spatial regions in a self-motivated way, with few extra computations and without additional expensive supervision. Specifically, SEN first employs a lightweight subnetwork to incorporate local spatial-temporal features to identify informative regions, and then dynamically augment original features via attention maps. It's also observed that not all frames contribute equally to recognition. We present a temporal self-emphasizing module to adaptively emphasize those discriminative frames and suppress redundant ones. A comprehensive comparison with previous methods equipped with hand and face features demonstrates the superiority of our method, even though they always require huge computations and rely on expensive extra supervision. Remarkably, with few extra computations, SEN achieves new state-of-the-art accuracy on four large-scale datasets, PHOENIX14, PHOENIX14-T, CSL-Daily, and CSL. Visualizations verify the effects of SEN on emphasizing informative spatial and temporal features. Code is available at https://github.com/hulianyuyy/SEN_CSLR

Although numerous algorithms have been proposed to solve the categorical data clustering problem, how to access the statistical significance of a set of categorical clusters remains unaddressed. To fulfill this void, we employ the likelihood ratio test to derive a test statistic that can serve as a significance-based objective function in categorical data clustering. Consequently, a new clustering algorithm is proposed in which the significance-based objective function is optimized via a Monte Carlo search procedure. As a by-product, we can further calculate an empirical $p$-value to assess the statistical significance of a set of clusters and develop an improved gap statistic for estimating the cluster number. Extensive experimental studies suggest that our method is able to achieve comparable performance to state-of-the-art categorical data clustering algorithms. Moreover, the effectiveness of such a significance-based formulation on statistical cluster validation and cluster number estimation is demonstrated through comprehensive empirical results.

对于基于骨架的动作识别中的当前方法通常是将长期时间依赖性作为骨骼序列捕获通常长的（> 128帧），这很常见，这对于先前的方法构成了一个具有挑战性的问题。在这种情况下，短期依赖性很少被正式考虑，这对于对类似动作进行分类至关重要。大多数当前的方法包括相互交织的仅空间模块和仅时间的模块，在这些模块中，在相邻框架中的关节之间的直接信息流受到阻碍，因此不如捕获短期运动并区分相似的动作对。为了应对这一限制，我们提出了一个作为stgat创造的一般框架，以建模跨天空信息流。它使仅空间模块与区域感知的时空建模相称。尽管STGAT在理论上对时空建模具有有效性，但我们提出了三个简单的模块，以减少局部时空特征冗余，并进一步释放STGAT的潜力，（1）（1）自我关注机制的范围，（2）动态重量的范围（2）沿时间尺寸的关节和（3）分别与静态特征分开的微妙运动。作为一个可靠的特征提取器，STGAT在对以前的方法进行分类时，在定性和定量结果中都证明了相似的动作。 STGAT在三个大规模数据集上实现了最先进的性能：NTU RGB+D 60，NTU RGB+D 120和动力学骨架400。释放了代码。

合并方法是现代神经网络增加接受场并降低计算成本的必要性。但是，通常使用的手工制作的合并方法，例如，最大池和平均合并，可能无法保持判别特征。尽管许多研究人员在空间域中精心设计了各种汇集变体，以便在这些局限性方面处理这些局限性，但很少访问直接使用手工制作的方法，或者这些专业的空间变体可能不是最佳的。在本文中，我们从信号处理中的提升方案中得出了时间升降机池（TLP），以智能地逐步划分不同的时间层次结构。提升方案将输入信号分配到具有不同频率的各种子兰，这可以看作是不同的时间运动模式。我们的TLP是一个三阶段的过程，它执行信号分解，组件加权和信息融合以生成精致尺寸的特征图。我们选择具有长序列的典型时间任务，即连续的手语识别（CSLR）作为验证TLP的有效性的测试台。两个大规模数据集的实验表明，TLP的表现优于手工制作的方法和专门的空间变体，其较大的边距（1.5％）具有相似的计算开销。作为功​​能强大的功能提取器，TLP在各种数据集上的多个骨干上表现出很大的概括性，并在两个大规模的CSLR数据集上实现了新的最新结果。可视化进一步证明了TLP在校正光泽边界中的机制。代码已发布。

无监督的域适应性（UDA）引起了相当大的关注，这将知识从富含标签的源域转移到相关但未标记的目标域。减少域间差异一直是提高UDA性能的关键因素，尤其是对于源域和目标域之间存在较大差距的任务。为此，我们提出了一种新颖的风格感知功能融合方法（SAFF），以弥合大域间隙和转移知识，同时减轻阶级歧视性信息的丧失。受到人类传递推理和学习能力的启发，研究了一种新颖的风格感知的自我互化领域（SSID），通过一系列中级辅助综合概念将两个看似无关的概念联系起来。具体而言，我们提出了一种新颖的SSID学习策略，该策略从源和目标域中选择样本作为锚点，然后随机融合这些锚的对象和样式特征，以生成具有标记和样式丰富的中级辅助功能以进行知识转移。此外，我们设计了一个外部存储库来存储和更新指定的标记功能，以获得稳定的类功能和班级样式功能。基于提议的内存库，内部和域间损耗功能旨在提高类识别能力和特征兼容性。同时，我们通过无限抽样模拟SSID的丰富潜在特征空间，并通过数学理论模拟损失函数的收敛性。最后，我们对常用的域自适应基准测试进行了全面的实验，以评估所提出的SAFF，并且实验结果表明，所提出的SAFF可以轻松地与不同的骨干网络结合在一起，并获得更好的性能作为插入插型模块。

Masked image modeling (MIM) performs strongly in pre-training large vision Transformers (ViTs). However, small models that are critical for real-world applications cannot or only marginally benefit from this pre-training approach. In this paper, we explore distillation techniques to transfer the success of large MIM-based pre-trained models to smaller ones. We systematically study different options in the distillation framework, including distilling targets, losses, input, network regularization, sequential distillation, etc, revealing that: 1) Distilling token relations is more effective than CLS token- and feature-based distillation; 2) An intermediate layer of the teacher network as target perform better than that using the last layer when the depth of the student mismatches that of the teacher; 3) Weak regularization is preferred; etc. With these findings, we achieve significant fine-tuning accuracy improvements over the scratch MIM pre-training on ImageNet-1K classification, using all the ViT-Tiny, ViT-Small, and ViT-base models, with +4.2%/+2.4%/+1.4% gains, respectively. Our TinyMIM model of base size achieves 52.2 mIoU in AE20K semantic segmentation, which is +4.1 higher than the MAE baseline. Our TinyMIM model of tiny size achieves 79.6% top-1 accuracy on ImageNet-1K image classification, which sets a new record for small vision models of the same size and computation budget. This strong performance suggests an alternative way for developing small vision Transformer models, that is, by exploring better training methods rather than introducing inductive biases into architectures as in most previous works. Code is available at https://github.com/OliverRensu/TinyMIM.

The recent increase in public and academic interest in preserving biodiversity has led to the growth of the field of conservation technology. This field involves designing and constructing tools that utilize technology to aid in the conservation of wildlife. In this article, we will use case studies to demonstrate the importance of designing conservation tools with human-wildlife interaction in mind and provide a framework for creating successful tools. These case studies include a range of complexities, from simple cat collars to machine learning and game theory methodologies. Our goal is to introduce and inform current and future researchers in the field of conservation technology and provide references for educating the next generation of conservation technologists. Conservation technology not only has the potential to benefit biodiversity but also has broader impacts on fields such as sustainability and environmental protection. By using innovative technologies to address conservation challenges, we can find more effective and efficient solutions to protect and preserve our planet's resources.

Different people speak with diverse personalized speaking styles. Although existing one-shot talking head methods have made significant progress in lip sync, natural facial expressions, and stable head motions, they still cannot generate diverse speaking styles in the final talking head videos. To tackle this problem, we propose a one-shot style-controllable talking face generation framework. In a nutshell, we aim to attain a speaking style from an arbitrary reference speaking video and then drive the one-shot portrait to speak with the reference speaking style and another piece of audio. Specifically, we first develop a style encoder to extract dynamic facial motion patterns of a style reference video and then encode them into a style code. Afterward, we introduce a style-controllable decoder to synthesize stylized facial animations from the speech content and style code. In order to integrate the reference speaking style into generated videos, we design a style-aware adaptive transformer, which enables the encoded style code to adjust the weights of the feed-forward layers accordingly. Thanks to the style-aware adaptation mechanism, the reference speaking style can be better embedded into synthesized videos during decoding. Extensive experiments demonstrate that our method is capable of generating talking head videos with diverse speaking styles from only one portrait image and an audio clip while achieving authentic visual effects. Project Page: https://github.com/FuxiVirtualHuman/styletalk.

Decompilation aims to transform a low-level program language (LPL) (eg., binary file) into its functionally-equivalent high-level program language (HPL) (e.g., C/C++). It is a core technology in software security, especially in vulnerability discovery and malware analysis. In recent years, with the successful application of neural machine translation (NMT) models in natural language processing (NLP), researchers have tried to build neural decompilers by borrowing the idea of NMT. They formulate the decompilation process as a translation problem between LPL and HPL, aiming to reduce the human cost required to develop decompilation tools and improve their generalizability. However, state-of-the-art learning-based decompilers do not cope well with compiler-optimized binaries. Since real-world binaries are mostly compiler-optimized, decompilers that do not consider optimized binaries have limited practical significance. In this paper, we propose a novel learning-based approach named NeurDP, that targets compiler-optimized binaries. NeurDP uses a graph neural network (GNN) model to convert LPL to an intermediate representation (IR), which bridges the gap between source code and optimized binary. We also design an Optimized Translation Unit (OTU) to split functions into smaller code fragments for better translation performance. Evaluation results on datasets containing various types of statements show that NeurDP can decompile optimized binaries with 45.21% higher accuracy than state-of-the-art neural decompilation frameworks.

Driven by improved architectures and better representation learning frameworks, the field of visual recognition has enjoyed rapid modernization and performance boost in the early 2020s. For example, modern ConvNets, represented by ConvNeXt, have demonstrated strong performance in various scenarios. While these models were originally designed for supervised learning with ImageNet labels, they can also potentially benefit from self-supervised learning techniques such as masked autoencoders (MAE). However, we found that simply combining these two approaches leads to subpar performance. In this paper, we propose a fully convolutional masked autoencoder framework and a new Global Response Normalization (GRN) layer that can be added to the ConvNeXt architecture to enhance inter-channel feature competition. This co-design of self-supervised learning techniques and architectural improvement results in a new model family called ConvNeXt V2, which significantly improves the performance of pure ConvNets on various recognition benchmarks, including ImageNet classification, COCO detection, and ADE20K segmentation. We also provide pre-trained ConvNeXt V2 models of various sizes, ranging from an efficient 3.7M-parameter Atto model with 76.7% top-1 accuracy on ImageNet, to a 650M Huge model that achieves a state-of-the-art 88.9% accuracy using only public training data.